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Peanut Planting Technology
2022-06-16
Peanut is one of the main oil crops in my country, and it is also an economic crop. It often appears on our dining table and in the leisure snack industry. Peanuts are very adaptable and can be plante
Peanut is one of the main oil crops in my country, and it is also an economic crop. It often appears on our dining table and in the leisure snack industry. Peanuts are very adaptable and can be planted in different soils. Whether it is poor soil or fertile soil, peanuts can grow very well. The following is an introduction to the planting technology of peanuts, hoping to help you.
1. Apply foot base fertilizer. For a peanut field with a yield of 300-400 kg per mu, the base fertilizer is generally controlled at 2000 kg of soil residue fertilizer per mu, 20-30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50 kg of superphosphate, and about 15 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate. Spread, turn into the tillage layer.
2. Level the land. The quality requirements of land preparation are higher than those of open-field peanut fields. It is required to make the surface of the compartment flat, free from weeds, roots and thick clods that may pierce the mulch. Open the carton according to the width of the mulch film, generally 80 cm ridge, ridge height 25 cm, ridge surface width 150 cm, sow 2 rows of peanuts, row spacing 25-30 cm, cover with 80 cm wide mulch film, or 200 cm open carton , The width of the compartment is 180 cm, and 6-7 rows of peanuts are planted. When preparing the ground and opening the car, pay attention to open the drainage ditch, and the car surface should not accumulate water.
3. Selected varieties. It is advisable to choose varieties such as Zhonghua No. 5 with early and medium maturity, large fruit type, high yield potential and good quality; for edible or processed food, choose early-maturing, medium fruit type, and good quality Zhonghua No. 7 varieties; Hilly sandy land; continuous cropping of peanuts, and disease-resistant varieties such as Zhonghua No. 6 should be used in bacterial wilt epidemic areas. Before sowing, remove the germinated, discolored and moldy seeds, and mix the seeds with ammonium molybdate, and mix 2 grams of ammonium molybdate with 1 kg of peanut seeds.
4. Timely sowing and reasonable close planting. The sowing period of spring-sown mulch-covered peanuts is about 10-15 days earlier than that of local open-field sowing. Soil moisture must be adequate when planting. Sowing depth of 3-4 cm is appropriate. The density should depend on the soil fertility and variety. Generally, in a plot with good fertility, the medium-ripening and large-grain peanuts should be about 18,000 plants per acre in 9,000 holes, and the middle-early-maturing medium-grain peanuts should be about 10,000-11,000 holes per mu, reaching 20,000-22,000 plants per mu. , the basic control is appropriate at 15 × 27 cm (ridge cropping). Cover with soil after sowing, so that the car surface is flat and easy to cover.
5. Spray herbicides. After sowing and covering the soil, use 150 grams of 72% Doer emulsion or 48% Lasso emulsion per mu, add 50 kilograms of water, and spray evenly on the surface of the car.
6. Cover with microfilm. Cover immediately after spraying herbicide. The edge of the film should be compacted with fine soil to make the film flat and tight, so as to prevent the strong wind from breaking the film. Where there are cracks in the mulch, the cracks must be sealed with fine soil.
7. Break the membrane and release the seedlings. Peanuts will emerge one after another 10-15 days after sowing. When the cotyledons are unearthed and open, or when the cotyledons are not unearthed but the true leaves are visible, use a finger or a blade to open a small cross-shaped opening in the mulch film facing the seedlings to guide the seedlings out of the film, and then Seal the membrane opening with fine soil at the opening. It should not be too late to open the hole and put the seedlings, especially to prevent the high temperature burning of the seedlings in the film when the sun is strong.
8. Qing squat seedlings. When peanuts are in full bloom, tree cleaning should be carried out. Tree cleaning has three functions: clearing the weeds around the seeding hole; picking out the branches that have not grown film by hand; Prompt germination and replant in time to ensure the whole seedlings, and the membrane opening can be sealed again during the clearing process.
9. Control leggy. In high-yield fields of peanuts covered with film, due to better water and fertilizer conditions, the growth and development are fast in the early stage, and the growth in the middle stage is prosperous. For peanuts sown at the end of March or early April in our province, during the period from June 5 to 25, if the average pitch of 8-12 nodes on the opposite side branches reaches 10 cm, and the plant height and side branch length exceed 40 cm, 50 grams of paclobutrazol should be applied. Spray with 50 kg of water, but avoid spraying on the fruit needles. For the fields with serious leggy tendency, spray the control again every 7-10 days.
10. Disease prevention and leaf protection in the middle and late stages of growth. According to the occurrence of local diseases, Bordeaux mixture and carbendazim can be sprayed alternately 3-5 times every 10-15 days during the flowering period to prevent and control leaf diseases (leaf spot and rust). The fields with premature aging can be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 times to prolong the functional period of leaves. Pay attention to timely harvesting and remove residual film in the field.
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